The Ways We Pronounce -Ed

The Ways We Pronounce -Ed

We can find -ed style in the simple past tense or past participle in the regular verb. I'm sure that all of you are confusing when you try to speak the verb which use that style.
ex : I cooked a cake for you.

we can pronounce the -ed in 3 ways:

• /ɪd/
• /t/
• /d/

If the base verb ends in one of these sounds		example base verb*	example with -ed	pronounce the -ed as	extra syllable?
/t/		want	wanted	/ɪd/	yes
/d/		end	ended
unvoiced	/p/	hope	hoped	/t/	no
	/f/	laugh	laughed
	/s/	fax	faxed
	/ʃ/	wash	washed
	/ʧ/	watch	watched
	/k/	like	liked
voiced	all other sounds, eg	play	played	/d/
		allow	allowed
		beg	begged

*Note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, fax ends in the letter x but the sound /s/; like ends in the letter e but the sound /k/.

Exceptions

The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /ɪd/:

• aged
• dogged
• ragged
• blessed
• learned
• wicked
• crooked
• naked
• wretched

So we say:

• an aged man /ɪd/
• a blessed nuisance /ɪd/
• a dogged persistence /ɪd/
• a learned professor - the professor, who was truly learned /ɪd/
• a wretched beggar - the beggar was wretched /ɪd/

But when used as real verbs (past simple and past participle), the normal rules apply and we say:

• he aged quickly /d/
• he blessed me /t/
• they dogged him /d/
• he has learned well /d/ or /t/

Source :https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/-ed.htm